Non-invasive Detection of Troponin I for Heart Attack Prevention

Abstract

Regardless of precautions taken to prevent heart attacks, according to the WHO reports, cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death.  Most heart attacks could be maintained if the patient is to receive essential medical attention in time. Admission of patients with low probability of AMI often leads to unnecessary hospital costs. Cardiac biomarkers play an important role in determining the level of AMI risk. cTnI is a cardiac specific protein released into blood after inception of cardiac damage and is considered one of the most specific cardiac biomarkers. The purpose of this study is to design a portable real-time monitoring system for detection of heart attack using sampling biophotonics measurements. For this purpose Fluorescence, Raman, and Zeeman Spectroscopy methods have been investigated. After a complete scan through cTnI sample using a Spectrofluorometer, florescence excitation wavelength of known concentrations of purified recombinant cTnI was found to be 283nm as expected due to existence of Tryptophan amino acid in the protein. The emission wavelength of protein for various molarities was acquired to be 347nm with elevated spectrum amplitude for higher protein concentrations. The regression graph of the concentration vs. florescence amplitude shows a 0.99 correlation, confirming linear relationship of cTnI fluorescence amplitude with respect to increase in concentration. A distinct Raman signature of cTnI sample diluted in Tn Buffer Complex has been acquired using Raman Spectrometer which demonstrates increase in amplitude of the Raman signature as molarities of the sample change.